James Penrose Harland (1891–1973) was an American archaeologist of the ancient Aegean.
Harland graduated from Princeton University in 1913. From 1926 to 1927 Harland excavated Late Helladic II (15th century BC) layers on the island of Aigina, in Greece. His work in those years was funded by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. He was for many years a professor of classical archaeology at the University of North Carolina.